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Q5(iii):
Classify the following as linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials: (iii) $y + y^2 + 4$

Solution :

Initial Setup & Given Expression

We are tasked with classifying the following algebraic expression based on its degree:

$P(y) = y + y^2 + 4$

Step 1: Rearranging into Standard Form

By mathematical convention, polynomials are typically written in standard form, where the terms are ordered from the highest power of the variable to the lowest power [Descending Order of Exponents]. This makes it easier to identify the leading term and the degree.

Rearranging the terms of $P(y)$ according to the powers of $y$:

$P(y) = y^2 + y + 4$

Step 2: Analyzing the Exponents of Each Term

To classify the polynomial, we must determine the exponent of the variable $y$ in each distinct term. We apply the fundamental laws of exponents to reveal hidden powers:

  • First term ($y^2$): The exponent of the variable $y$ is explicitly $2$.
  • Second term ($y$): Any variable written without an explicit exponent has an implied exponent of $1$. Thus, $y = y^1$. The exponent is $1$.
  • Third term ($4$): This is a constant term. By the zero exponent rule [where $y^0 = 1$ for $y \neq 0$], a constant $c$ can be written as $c \cdot y^0$. Therefore, $4 = 4y^0$. The exponent of $y$ here is $0$.

Step 3: Determining the Degree of the Polynomial

The degree of a polynomial in one variable is defined as the highest power (maximum exponent) of the variable present in the expression, provided its coefficient is non-zero.

Comparing the set of exponents we identified $\{2, 1, 0\}$, the maximum value is $2$.

Therefore, the degree of the polynomial $P(y)$ is $2$.

y 2 + y 1 + 4y 0 Highest Power = 2 Power = 1 Power = 0 Degree = 2 → Quadratic Polynomial

Step 4: Classification Based on Degree

In algebraic nomenclature, polynomials are classified strictly according to their degree. The standard classifications are outlined in the table below:

Degree Polynomial Classification General Form (in variable $x$)
1 Linear $ax + b \quad (a \neq 0)$
2 Quadratic $ax^2 + bx + c \quad (a \neq 0)$
3 Cubic $ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d \quad (a \neq 0)$

Because the highest exponent of the variable $y$ in the expression $y^2 + y + 4$ is exactly $2$, it perfectly matches the definition of a quadratic polynomial.

Final Solution

Final Solution: The given polynomial $y + y^2 + 4$ has a degree of 2, and is therefore classified as a quadratic polynomial.


More Questions from Class 9 Mathematics Polynomials EXERCISE 2.1


CBSE Solutions for Class 9 Mathematics Polynomials


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